THE AUTHORS ARE NOT ELIGIBLE FOR CASH PRIZE AWARDS, BUT ARE SUBMITTING THIS ENTRY 
REQUESTING THAT IT BE RATED AS ÒHUMAN-COMPETITIVEÓ AND, IF THE JUDGING COMMITTEE 
SO DECIDES, RANKED.


(1) the complete title of the papers 
------------------------------------------------

Automated Re-Invention of Six Patented Optical Lens Systems 
using Genetic Programming


(2) the name, physical mailing address...
-----------------------------------------

John Koza,       koza@stanford.edu
Sameer Al-Sakran sameer@genetic-programming.com
Lee Jones        lee@genetic-programming.com

physical address for all:
P.O. Box K 
Los Altos, CA  94023
phone: 650-960-8180


(3) the name of the corresponding author 
----------------------------------------

John Koza


(4) the abstract(s) of the paper(s)
-----------------------------------

This paper describes how genetic programming was used as an invention machine to 
automatically synthesize complete designs for six optical lens systems that 
duplicated the functionality of previously patented lens systems. The automatic 
synthesis was done “from scratch”—that is, without starting from a pre-existing 
good design and without pre-specifying the number of lenses, the physical layout 
of the lenses, the numerical parameters of the lenses, or the non-numerical 
parameters of the lenses. One of the six genetically evolved lens systems 
infringed a previously issued patent; three contained many of the essential 
features of the patents, without infringing; and the others were non-infringing 
novel designs that duplicated (or improved upon) the performance specifications 
contained in the patents. One of the six patents was issued in the 21st-century. 
The six designs were created in a substantially similar and routine way, 
suggesting that the approach used may have widespread utility. The genetically 
evolved designs are instances of human-competitive results produced by genetic 
programming in the field of optical design.

(5) a list containing one or more of the eight letters
------------------------------------------------------

(A) The result was patented as an invention in the past, is an improvement over 
a patented invention, or would qualify today as a patentable new invention.

(F) The result is equal to or better than a result that was considered an 
achievement in its field at the time it was first discovered.

(G) The result solves a problem of indisputable difficulty in its field.


(6) a statement stating why the result satisfies that criteria 
--------------------------------------------------------------

The design of optical systems is an important task, critical in areas from
physics and astronomy to consumer electronics, photography and others.  It is 
still a task in the domain of trained human engineers.  Optimization algorithms 
have been utilized for some time to optimize existing systems, but there is 
no current evidence that a design 'from scratch' has been created in any other 
fashion than by a human engineer.  

Warren J. Smith, considered a 'father' of modern optical design, states in 
his book "Modern Optical Engineering": 

  "There is no 'direct' method of optical design for original systems; that is, 
   there is no sure procedure that will lead (without foreknowledge) from a 
   set of performance specifications to a suitable design."

The results put forth in the paper show numerous examples where genetic programming
was used to design the whole of an optical lens system including its topology and
numerical parameters, where the target systems were all patented and considered 
achievements at the time of their design.  One of the patents is from the 
21st century.  (A,F,G)

(7) a full citation of the papers + links to full text
------------------------------------------------------

1. Koza, John R., Al-Sakran, Sameer H., and Jones, Lee W. 2005a. Automated 
   re-invention of six patented optical lens systems using genetic programming. 
   In Beyer, H.-G.; O’Reilly, U.-M.; Arnold, D.V.; Banzhaf, W.; Blum, C.; 
   Bonabeau, E.W.; Cantu-Paz, E.; Dasgupta, D.; Deb, K.; Foster, J.A.; 
   de Jong, E.D.; Lipson, H.; Llora, X.; Mancoridis, S.; Pelikan, M.; 
   Raidl, G.R.; Soule, T.; Tyrrell, A.; Watson, J.-P.; Zitzler, E. (editors). 
   Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference GECCO-2005. 
   New York, NY: ACM Press. Pages 1953-1960.

http://www.genetic-programming.org/hc2005/f249-koza.pdf